Think of it like water flowing through a pipe. Both your vehicle and the charger have voltage and current limits. And power (kW) is a product of voltage (V) and current (A). The amount of power your EV battery receives in a charge is defined by a unit of power called a kilowatt (kW). This one can be tricky to understand, but it’s important. Your vehicle’s current and voltage limits This will keep your battery from getting too hot-and give you more free time (since charging speeds will be much slower as your battery is close to full).ĥ. As a general rule of thumb, when fast charging, it’s a good idea to end the charge around an 80-85% SoC. Because every EV is different, the normal loss of your battery’s capacity should be defined in your vehicle’s warranty. This is why sometimes the kW display on the charger may be a few percent more than that of what your in-dash displays indicate.Īlthough it takes time, batteries can deteriorate and lose their charging capacity over their lifespan. The thermal management system also uses some of the charging power to heat or cool the battery. If you stay in your car during fast charging, be aware that some of the energy destined for your battery is diverted for loads such as the cabin air conditioning or heating, lights, radio, and other accessories. These speeds are decided by your BMS, which controls the thermal management system for a fast but safe charge. If it’s freezing cold outside, your charging speeds will also be slower. If it’s a really hot day outside (or if you’ve been charging for a while, and your battery is getting hotter), your charging speeds will be slower. Still, EV batteries are influenced by the outside weather. Most EVs also have what is known as a thermal management system, which can heat or cool the battery to keep it at optimum temperature. Your EV's BMS doesn’t want the battery to get too hot or start charging too fast when it is too cold because extreme temperatures can impact a battery's lifespan. Your EV has something called a Battery Management System (BMS) to keep an eye over your battery’s safety. Why is this? The reason has to do with protecting your battery’s health. When your SoC is low, it’s much easier for electrons to find empty “seats” to fill when your SoC is high, it takes more time, and your charging speeds will be slower.Īs a general rule, batteries follow the Goldilocks principle: they like the temperature to be just right. But as the theater fills up, it takes more time to find an open seat (and climb over peoples’ legs, without spilling their popcorn). When the theater is empty, it’s much easier to find an open seat. Batteries charge fastest when they are nearly empty-when they have a low SoC.Ī helpful analogy is finding a seat in a movie theater. Your State of Charge describes how full your battery is, in terms of percentage. How full your battery is when you start charging, which is called your State of Charge (SoC) Every EV is different, but here are the five most common factors that affect charging speed: 1. Why is that? It's because charging an EV is a lot more like charging your phone than filling at a gas station. You might even get different charging speeds on different days. When you charge your electric vehicle (EV), you might notice that you don’t always get the maximum charging speed advertised by either your vehicle manufacturer or the charger.
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